47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, nCoV, 2019-nCoV) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
212 emner vises.
151
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the general population and under-resourced communities from high-income countries: realist review
Gonzalez-Jaramillo, N., Abbühl, D., Roa-Diaz, Z. M., Kobler-Betancourt, C., Frahsa, A.
BMJ Open, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
ObjectiveTo compare vaccination willingness before rollout and 1 year post-rollout uptake among the general population and under-resourced communities in high-income countries. DesignA realist review. Data sourcesEmbase, PubMed, Dimensions ai and Google Scholar. SettingHigh-income countries. DefinitionsWe defined vaccination willingness as the proportion of participants willing or intending to receive vaccines prior to availability. We defined vaccine uptake as the real proportion of the population with complete vaccination as reported by each country until November 2021. ResultsWe included data from 62 studies and 18 high-income countries. For studies conducted among general populations, the proportion of vaccination willingness was 67% (95% CI 62% to 72%). In real-world settings, the overall proportion of vaccine uptake among those countries was 73% (95% CI 69% to 76%). 17 studies reported pre-rollout willingness for under-resourced communities. The summary proportion of vaccination willingness from studies reporting results among people from under-resourced communities was 52% (95% CI 0.46% to 0.57%). Real-world evidence about vaccine uptake after rollout among under-resourced communities was limited. ConclusionOur review emphasises the importance of realist reviews for assessing vaccine acceptance. Limited real-world evidence about vaccine uptake among under-resourced communities in high-income countries is a call to context-specific actions and reporting.
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152
Translation and trans-cultural adaptation to the Malay version of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy questionnaire among healthcare workers in Malaysia
Siti Nur Aisyah Zaid, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Norhayati Mohd Noor, Basaruddin Ahmad, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Anis Safura Ramli, Jasy Liew Suet Yan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Siti Nur Aisyah Zaid, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Norhayati Mohd Noor, Basaruddin Ahmad, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Anis Safura Ramli, Jasy Liew Suet Yan Introduction Healthcare workers play a crucial role in supporting COVID-19 vaccination as they are the most trusted source of information to the public population. Assessing the healthcare workers’ hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination is pertinent, however, there are limited validated tools to measure their hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to adapt and validate the first COVID-19 hesitancy scale among healthcare workers in Malaysia. Materials and methods This study adapted and translated the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group. The scale underwent a sequential validation process, including back-back translation, content, face, and construct validity for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability was tested using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE)). Results The data for EFA and CFA were completed by a separate sample of 125 and 300 HCWs, respectively. The EFA analysis of the C19-VHS-M scale was unidimensional with 10 items. A further CFA analysis revealed a uniform set of nine items with acceptable goodness fit indices (comparative fit index = 0.997, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.995, incremental fit index = 0.997, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 1.352, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.034). The Cronbach’s alpha, CR and AVE results were 0.953, 0.95 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusions The questionnaire was valid and reliable for use in the Malay language.
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153
Has food security in the EU countries worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic? Analysis of physical and economic access to food
Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk The aim of the paper is to provide an ex-post assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in the EU-27 countries expressed by physical and economic food access. We analysed trade and price effects, together with food insecurity and malnutrition indicators. Actual levels of the indicators were compared with their pre-pandemic magnitudes and/or with counterfactual levels derived from predictive models. We also aimed to compare the objective statistics with the subjective consumers’ perception of their households’ food security. Our research indicates that the EU food trade was more resilient to COVID-19 impacts than the trade in non-food products, while food trade decreases were of a temporary nature. This did not affect the trade balance significantly; however, the import reduction threatened the physical food access in most EU countries. Regarding economic food access, the results indicate that the increase in food prices was offset by the increase in disposable income. It may suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the deterioration of economic access to food in the EU countries. However, the prevalence of severe food insecurity in the total population or the proportion of households reporting inability to afford a meal with meat, chicken, fish, or a vegetarian equivalent increased in 2020–2021 compared to 2019. This means that the comparative analysis of the real data on prices and households’ income, as well as consumer financial situation and food consumption affordability, does not offer a clear answer concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food security of EU households.
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154
Exogenous and endogenous factors affecting stock market transactions: A Hawkes process analysis of the Tokyo Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 pandemic
Mariko I. Ito, Yudai Honma, Takaaki Ohnishi, Tsutomu Watanabe, Kazuyuki Aihara
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Mariko I. Ito, Yudai Honma, Takaaki Ohnishi, Tsutomu Watanabe, Kazuyuki Aihara Transactions in financial markets are not evenly spaced but can be concentrated within a short period of time. In this study, we investigated the factors that determine the transaction frequency in financial markets. Specifically, we employed the Hawkes process model to identify exogenous and endogenous forces governing transactions of individual stocks in the Tokyo Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 pandemic. To enhance the accuracy of our analysis, we introduced a novel EM algorithm for the estimation of exogenous and endogenous factors that specifically addresses the interdependence of the values of these factors over time. We detected a substantial change in the transaction frequency in response to policy change announcements. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity in the transaction frequency among individual stocks. We also found a tendency where stocks with high market capitalization tend to significantly respond to external news, while their excitation relationship between transactions is weak. This suggests the capability of quantifying the market state from the viewpoint of the exogenous and endogenous factors generating transactions for various stocks.
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155
Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity in Pediatric Healthcare Workers Prior to Widespread Vaccination: A Five-month Longitudinal Cohort Study
Mark Griffiths, Dunia Hatabah, Patrick Sullivan, Grace Mantus, Travis Sanchez, Maria Zlotorzynska, Stacy Heilman, Andres Camacho-Gonzalez, Deborah Leake, Rawan Korman, Mimi Le, Mehul Suthara, Jens Wrammert, Miriam B. Vos, Claudia R. Morris
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Understanding the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among frontline healthcare workers is important to inform health policy and strategy. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, children were thought to be at low risk for infection, suggesting minimal risk of work-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric healthcare workers (pHCWs). This is due to early hypotheses that children were not affected by and did not spread SARS-CoV-2 to the degree that was seen among adult patients and their caregivers [1].
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156
Global analysis of respiratory viral circulation and timing of epidemics in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic eras, based on data from the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)
Marco Del Riccio, Saverio Caini, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, John Paget, Koos van der Velden, Adam Meijer, Mendel Haag, Ian McGovern, Patrizio Zanobini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undeniably reshaped life on a global scale. As infection rates and fatalities surged to historic proportions, initial strategies to combat the crisis revolved around non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as the use of facemasks, physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns, considering the absence of available vaccines or targeted therapeutics. Characterized by a spectrum of actions spanning individual precautions to broader societal measures, NPIs aimed to curtail the rapid dissemination of the virus [1].
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157
Modelling the impact of hybrid immunity on future COVID-19 epidemic waves
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), there have been multiple waves of infection and multiple rounds of vaccination rollouts. Both prior infection and vaccination can prevent future infection and reduce severity of outcomes, combining to form hybrid immunity against COVID-19 at the individual and population level. Here, we explore how different combinations of hybrid immunity affect the size and severity of near-future Omicron waves. Methods To investigate the role of hybrid immunity, we use an agent-based model of COVID-19 transmission with waning immunity to simulate outbreaks in populations with varied past attack rates and past vaccine coverages, basing the demographics and past histories on the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Results We find that if the past infection immunity is high but vaccination levels are low, then the secondary outbreak with the same variant can occur within a few months after the first outbreak; meanwhile, high vaccination levels can suppress near-term outbreaks and delay the second wave. Additionally, hybrid immunity has limited impact on future COVID-19 waves with immune-escape variants. Conclusions Enhanced understanding of the interplay between infection and vaccine exposure can aid anticipation of future epidemic activity due to current and emergent variants, including the likely impact of responsive vaccine interventions.
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158
Correction: Biochemical characterization of protease activity of Nsp3 from SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibition by nanobodies
Lee A. Armstrong, Sven M. Lange, Virginia De Cesare, Stephen P. Matthews, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Isobel Cole, Anthony Hope, Fraser Cunningham, Rachel Toth, Rukmini Mukherjee, Denisa Bojkova, Franz Gruber, David Gray, Paul G. Wyatt, Jindrich Cinatl, Ivan Dikic, Paul Davies, Yogesh Kulathu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Lee A. Armstrong, Sven M. Lange, Virginia De Cesare, Stephen P. Matthews, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Isobel Cole, Anthony Hope, Fraser Cunningham, Rachel Toth, Rukmini Mukherjee, Denisa Bojkova, Franz Gruber, David Gray, Paul G. Wyatt, Jindrich Cinatl, Ivan Dikic, Paul Davies, Yogesh Kulathu
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159
A cross-sectional study of university students’ mental health and lifestyle practices amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Reem Hoteit, Imad Bou-Hamad, Sahar Hijazi, Dinah Ayna, Maya Romani, Christo El Morr
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Reem Hoteit, Imad Bou-Hamad, Sahar Hijazi, Dinah Ayna, Maya Romani, Christo El Morr Objectives University students are regarded as the backbone of society, and their mental health during a pandemic may have a substantial impact on their performance and life outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ mental health, specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, during Lebanon’s extended COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the sociodemographic factors and lifestyle practices associated with it. Methods An online anonymous survey assessed the rates of mental health problems during COVID-19, controlling for socio-demographics and other lifestyle practices, in 329 undergraduate and graduate university students. Instruments utilized were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (21-BAI) for anxiety, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for stress. The study employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models to analyze the association between depression, anxiety, and stress with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Results were evaluated using adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals, with a significance level of 0.05. Results Moderate to severe rates of depression, anxiety and stress among students were reported by 75.9%, 72.2%, and 89.3%, respectively. The odds of anxiety and stress were higher among women compared to men. Students who used private counseling services had higher odds of anxiety and stress than those who did not. Overall rated health was a major predictor of depression and anxiety, with the \'poor\' and \'fair\' overall-reported health groups having higher odds than the \'Excellent\' group. When compared to those who did not smoke, students who increased their smoking intake had higher odds of depression, anxiety and stress. Students who reduced their alcohol consumption had lower odds of anxiety compared to those who did not consume alcohol. Students who reduced their physical activity had higher odds than those who increased it. Finally, students who slept fewer than seven hours daily had higher odds of depression than those who slept seven to nine hours. Conclusion Our findings indicate a national student mental health crisis, with exceptionally high rates of moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Factors such as gender, university program, overall rated health, importance of religion in daily decisions, private counseling, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleeping, were all found to have an impact on mental health outcomes. Our study highlights the need for university administrators and mental health professionals to consider targeted mental health programming for students, particularly for women and those with poor or fair overall perceived health.
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160
Effects of COVID-19 vaccine safety framing on parental reactions
Hao Tan, Jiayan Liu, Yingli Zhang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Hao Tan, Jiayan Liu, Yingli Zhang As a major concern shared by parents globally, COVID-19 vaccine safety is typically being messaged to the public in a negative frame in many countries. However, whether the COVID-19 vaccine safety framing have an effect on parents when vaccinating their children is unclear. Here we implement an online survey with a convenience sample of 3,861 parents living in mainland China, all over 18 years old and with at least one child under 18. The parents were randomly assigned to receive information about COVID-19 vaccine safety in either a negative frame (incidence of side effects) or a positive frame (the inverse incidence of side effects), to compare parental reactions to a range of questions about communication, risk perception, trust, involvement and behavioral intention. We found that parents were more likely to regard vaccine safety as relevant to policy support and as a higher priority for government when receiving positively framed information (p = 0.002). For some specific subgroups, parents in positive framing group showed lower risk perception and higher trust (p
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161
Assessing the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on pediatric baseball and basketball-related craniofacial and neck injuries treated in United States emergency departments, 2003–2022
R. Constance Wiener, Eric W. Lundstrom
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by R. Constance Wiener, Eric W. Lundstrom Background A large proportion of United States (U.S.) youth play basketball, baseball, softball, or T-ball. Each of the activities poses a documented risk of craniofacial and neck injuries. However, few studies have assessed the national prevalence of pediatric craniofacial and neck injuries in this population, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) dataset was used to identify pediatric craniofacial and neck injuries associated with basketball, baseball, softball, or T-ball from 2003–2022 in a cross-sectional study. The annual number of injuries before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to estimate the pandemic’s impact on the monthly number of injuries incurred nationally. Results Both overall and stratified by sport involvement, the annual number and rate of injuries identified in NEISS decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic. ITSA demonstrated that the monthly number of injuries decreased -4094.4 (95% CI = -5100, -3088.7) immediately after the beginning of the pandemic. The number of injuries began increasing towards pre-pandemic levels at a rate of 110.6 (95% CI = 64, 157.2) injuries per month after the initial plunge. Conclusion Prior to the-pandemic, there was a steady decline in craniofacial and neck injuries due to basketball, baseball, softball and T-ball among children, aged
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162
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of restraint and seclusion interventions in Ontario emergency departments: A population-based study
Meghan Weissflog, Soyeon Kim, Natalie Rajack, Nathan J. Kolla
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Meghan Weissflog, Soyeon Kim, Natalie Rajack, Nathan J. Kolla While COVID-19 impacted all aspects of health care and patient treatment, particularly for patients with mental health/substance use (MH/SU) concerns, research has suggested a concerning increase in the use of restraint and seclusion (R/S) interventions, although results vary depending on facility type and patient population. Thus, the present study sought to explore COVID-related changes in the use of R/S interventions among patients presenting to Ontario emergency departments (EDs) with MH/SU complaints. To determine whether temporal and clinical factors were associated with changes in R/S use during COVID, binary logistic regression models were computed using data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database. We then compared both prevalence rates and probability of an R/S event occurring during an ED visit in Ontario before and after the onset of COVID. The number of ED visits during which an R/S event occurred for patients presenting with MH/SU concerns increased by 9.5%, while their odds of an R/S event occurring during an ED visit increased by 23% in Ontario after COVID onset. Similarly, R/S event probability increased for patients presenting with MH/SU concerns after COVID onset (0.7% - 21.3% increase), particularly during the first wave, with the greatest increases observed for concerns associated with increased restraint risk pre-COVID. R/S intervention use increased substantially for patients presenting to Ontario EDs with MH/SU concerns during the first wave of COVID when the strain on healthcare system and uncertainty about the virus was arguably greatest. Patients with concerns already associated with increased R/S risk also showed the largest increases in R/S probability, suggesting increased behavioural issues during treatment among this population after COVID onset. These results have the potential to inform existing policies to mitigate risks associated with R/S intervention use during future public health emergencies and in general practice.
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163
The impact of delayed diagnosis and treatment due to COVID-19 on Australian thyroid cancer patients: a qualitative interview study
D'souza, B., Glover, A., Bavor, C., Brown, B., Dodd, R. H., Lee, J. C., Millar, J., Miller, J. A., Zalcberg, J. R., Serpell, J., Ioannou, L. J., Nickel, B.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the perceptions of patients with thyroid cancer on the potential impact of diagnosis and treatment delays during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignThis study involved qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, analysed using the thematic framework analysis method and reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. SettingParticipants in the study were treated and/or managed at hospital sites across New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Participants17 patients with thyroid cancer were interviewed and included in the analysis (14 females and 3 males). ResultsThe delays experienced by patients ranged from 12 months. The patients reported about delays to diagnostic tests, delays to surgery and radioactive iodine treatment, perceived disease progression and, for some, the financial burden of choosing to go through private treatment to minimise the delay. Most patients also reported not wanting to experience delays any longer than they did, due to unease and anxiety. ConclusionsThis study highlights an increased psychological burden in patients with thyroid cancer who experienced delayed diagnosis and/or treatment during COVID-19. The impacts experienced by patients during this time may be similar in the case of other unexpected delays and highlight the need for regular clinical review during delays to diagnosis or treatment.
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164
The contribution of SARS-CoV-2 to the burden of acute respiratory infections in winter season 2022/2023: Results from the DigiHero study
Nadine Glaser, Sophie Diexer, Bianca Klee, Dr. Oliver Purschke, Prof. Dr. med. Mascha Binder, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Frese, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Girndt, PD Dr. med. Jessica Höll, Dr. Irene Moor, Prof. Dr. med. Jonas Rosendahl, Prof. Dr. med. Michael Gekle, Prof. Dr. med. Daniel Sedding, Prof. Dr. med. Rafael Mikolajczyk, Dr. Cornelia Gottschick
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
At the beginning of September 2022, three years after the detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 case, the World Health Organization (WHO) globally had registered over 600 million confirmed cases and over 6.4 million deaths due to an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. By the end of the winter season in March 2023 those numbers had risen to over 761 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths [2]. Our World in Data reported an even higher number of deaths of 8.6 million [3].
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165
[Articles] Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
GBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, but the burden remains high, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, global incident LRI cases and mortality attributable to influenza and RSV declined substantially. Expanding access to health-care services and vaccines, including S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and novel RSV vaccines, along with new low-cost interventions against S aureus, could mitigate the LRI burden and prevent transmission of LRI-causing pathogens.
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166
Assessing the Impact of the 2020 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Case Definition for Pertussis on Reported Pertussis Cases
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background In 2020, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) pertussis case definition was modified; the main change was classifying PCR-positive cases as confirmed, regardless of cough duration. Pertussis data reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) in seven sites and the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) were used to evaluate the impact of the new case definition.Methods We compared the number of EPS cases with cough onset in 2020 to the number that would have been reported based on the prior (2014) CSTE case definition. To assess the impact of the change nationally, the proportion of EPS cases newly reportable under the 2020 CSTE case definition was applied to 2020 NNDSS data to estimate how many additional cases were captured nationally.Results Among 442 confirmed and probable cases reported to EPS states in 2020, 42 (9.5%) were newly reportable according to the 2020 case definition. Applying this proportion to the 6,124 confirmed and probable cases reported nationally in 2020, we estimated that the new definition added 582 cases. Had the case definition not changed, reported cases in 2020 would have decreased by 70% from 2019; the observed decrease was 67%.Conclusions Despite a substantial decrease in reported pertussis cases in the setting of COVID-19, our data show that the 2020 pertussis case definition change resulted in additional case reporting compared with the previous case definition, providing greater opportunities for public health interventions such as prophylaxis of close contacts.
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167
COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options
Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Hin Chu, Siddharth Sridhar, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Nat Rev Microbiol, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
168
Real-world effectiveness of sotrovimab for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 subvariant predominance: a systematic literature review
Infection, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes associated with sotrovimab use during Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 predominance. Methods Electronic databases were searched for observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals, preprint articles and conference abstracts from January 1, 2022 to February 27, 2023. Results The 14 studies identified were heterogeneous in terms of study design, population, endpoints and definitions. They included > 1.7 million high-risk patients with COVID-19, of whom approximately 41,000 received sotrovimab (range n = 20–5979 during BA.2 and n = 76–1383 during BA.5 predominance). Four studies compared the effectiveness of sotrovimab with untreated or no monoclonal antibody treatment controls, two compared sotrovimab with other treatments, and three single-arm studies compared outcomes during BA.2 and/or BA.5 versus BA.1. Five studies descriptively reported rates of clinical outcomes in patients treated with sotrovimab. Rates of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality (0.95–4.0% during BA.2; 0.5–2.0% during BA.5) and all-cause mortality (1.7–2.0% during BA.2; 3.4% during combined BA.2 and BA.5 periods) among sotrovimab-treated patients were consistently low. During BA.2, a lower risk of all-cause hospitalization or mortality was reported across studies with sotrovimab versus untreated cohorts. Compared with other treatments, sotrovimab was associated with a lower (molnupiravir) or similar (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality during BA.2 and BA.5. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 periods. Conclusions This systematic literature review suggests continued effectiveness of sotrovimab in preventing severe clinical outcomes during BA.2 and BA.5 predominance, both against active/untreated comparators and compared with BA.1 predominance.
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169
‘Vagus Nerve Dysfunction in the Post-COVID-19 Condition’ – Author’s reply
Gemma Lladós, Marta Massanella, Roger Paredes, Lourdes Mateu
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
170
Beyond prediction: unveiling the prognostic power of μ-opioid and cannabinoid receptors, alongside immune mediators, in assessing the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
Abstract Background This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing the expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), μ-opioid receptor (MOR), MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin as predictors for the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overarching goal is to delineate the pathogenic mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2. Methods Using quantitative Real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression levels of CB2 and MOR in nasopharynx specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 46 individuals classified as having severe symptoms and 46 as non-severe. Additionally, we measured the circulating levels of MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin using an ELISA assay. We examined the predictive capabilities of these variables and explored their correlations across all patient groups. Results Our results demonstrated a significant increase in MOR gene expression in the epithelium of patients with severe infection. The expression of CB2 receptor was also elevated in both male and female patients with severe symptoms. Furthermore, we observed concurrent rises in MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin levels in patients, which were linked to disease severity. CB2, MOR, MCP-1, IL-17, IFN-γ, and osteopontin showed strong predictive abilities in distinguishing between patients with varying degrees of SARS-CoV-2 severity. Moreover, we identified a significant correlation between CB2 expression and the levels of MOR, MCP-1, osteopontin, and IFN-γ. Conclusions These results underline the interconnected nature of molecular mediators in a sequential manner, suggesting that their overexpression may play a role in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Graphical Abstract
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171
Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: a retrospective cohort study
Remigius Gröning, Jonatan Walde, Clas Ahlm, Mattias NE Forsell, Johan Normark, Johan Rasmuson
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a major public health concern since the start of the 2019 pandemic. Although current vaccines protect the general public, individuals with severe immunodeficiencies often exhibit a poor vaccine response and a higher risk of severe and/or persistent disease [1,2]. There are no treatment recommendations for persistent infection in immunocompromised individuals. Attempts with repeated antiviral mono or combination therapy has been described [3].
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172
Should Transport Ventilators Be Used in Times of Crisis? The Use of Emergency Authorized Nonconventional Ventilators Is Associated With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Gondhalekar, Vikram B.; Gandomi, Amir; Gilman, Sarah L.; Hajizadeh, Negin; Hasan, Zubair M.; Bank, Matthew A.; Rolston, Daniel M.; Cohen, Allison; Li, Timmy; Nishikimi, Mitsuaki; Narasimhan, Mangala; Becker, Lance; Jafari, Daniel
Critical Care Medicine, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
Objectives: Nonconventional ventilators (NCVs), defined here as transport ventilators and certain noninvasive positive pressure devices, were used extensively as crisis-time ventilators for intubated patients with COVID-19. We assessed whether there was an association between the use of NCV and higher mortality, independent of other factors. Design: This is a multicenter retrospective observational study. Setting: The sample was recruited from a single healthcare system in New York. The recruitment period spanned from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Patients: The sample includes patients who were intubated for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to derive the odds of mortality among patients managed exclusively with NCV throughout their ventilation period compared with the remainder of the sample while adjusting for other factors. A secondary analysis was also done, in which the mortality of a subset of the sample exclusively ventilated with NCV was compared with that of a propensity score-matched subset of the control group. Exclusive use of NCV was associated with a higher 28-day in-hospital mortality while adjusting for confounders in the regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% CI [1.07–1.86]). In the propensity score matching analysis, the mortality of patients exclusively ventilated with NCV was 68.9%, and that of the control was 60.7% (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Use of NCV was associated with increased mortality among patients with COVID-19 ARDS. More lives may be saved during future ventilator shortages if more full-feature ICU ventilators, rather than NCVs, are reserved in national and local stockpiles.
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173
[Health Policy] A legal mapping of 48 WHO member states' inclusion of public health emergency of international concern, pandemic, and health emergency terminology within national emergency legislation in responding to health emergencies
Clare Wenham, Liam Stout
Lancet, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
WHO has determined a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) seven times, and beyond this nomenclature declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), and through their operationalisation in the joint external evaluation (JEE), governments are urged to create suitable legislation to be able to enact a response to a public health emergency. Whether the pandemic declaration had a greater effect than a PHEIC in encouraging goverments to act, however, remains conjecture, as there is no systemic analysis of what each term means in practice and whether either has meaningful legal implications at the national level.
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174
Examining the effects of voluntary avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated behaviour change on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: A mathematical model
Infectious Disease Modelling, 11.04.2024
Tilføjet 11.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 10 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Gabrielle Brankston, David N. Fisman, Zvonimir Poljak, Ashleigh R. Tuite, Amy L. Greer
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175
Estimating the effective reproduction number of COVID-19 from population-wide wastewater data: An application in Kagawa, Japan
Infectious Disease Modelling, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Yuta Okada, Hiroshi Nishiura
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176
Impact of infectious density-induced additional screening and treatment saturation on COVID-19: Modeling and cost-effective optimal control
Infectious Disease Modelling, 16.03.2024
Tilføjet 16.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sonu Lamba, Tanuja Das, Prashant K. Srivastava
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177
Persistent immune imprinting occurs after vaccination with the COVID-19 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster in humans
Immunity, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 14 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): M. Alejandra Tortorici, Amin Addetia, Albert J. Seo, Jack Brown, Kaiti Sprouse, Jenni Logue, Erica Clark, Nicholas Franko, Helen Chu, David Veesler
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178
Immunological imprinting shapes the specificity of human antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Immunity, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 14 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Timothy S. Johnston, Shuk Hang Li, Mark M. Painter, Reilly K. Atkinson, Naomi R. Douek, David B. Reeg, Daniel C. Douek, E. John Wherry, Scott E. Hensley
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179
Assessing the dynamics and impact of COVID-19 vaccination on disease spread: A data-driven approach
Infectious Disease Modelling, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Farhad Waseel, George Streftaris, Bhuvendhraa Rudrusamy, Sarat C. Dass
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180
Evaluating the spike in the symptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2022 considering variolation effects: A modeling analysis
Infectious Disease Modelling, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Salihu S. Musa, Shi Zhao, Ismail Abdulrashid, Sania Qureshi, Andress Colubri, Daihai He
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181
Modelling the unexpected dynamics of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil
Infectious Disease Modelling, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Daihai He, Yael Artzy-Randrup, Salihu S. Musa, Tiago Gräf, Felipe Naveca, Lewi Stone
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182
An AI-empowered indoor digital contact tracing system for COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes
Infectious Disease Modelling, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jiahui Meng, Justina Liu, Lin Yang, Man Sing Wong, Hilda Tsang, Boyu Yu, Jincheng Yu, Freddy Man-Hin Lam, Daihai He, Lei Yang, Yan Li, Gilman Kit-Hang Siu, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Grace Yaojie Xie, David Man, David H.K. Shum
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183
Valuation and comparison of the actual and optimal control strategy in an emerging infectious disease: Implication from a COVID-19 transmission model
Infectious Disease Modelling, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Lili Liu, Xi Wang, Ou Liu, Yazhi Li, Zhen Jin, Sanyi Tang, Xia Wang
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184
Spatio-temporal clustering analysis of COVID-19 cases in johor
Infectious Disease Modelling, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Fong Ying Foo, Nuzlinda Abdul Rahman, Fauhatuz Zahroh Shaik Abdullah, Nurul Syafiah Abd Naeeim
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185
Mathematical modeling of contact tracing and stability analysis to inform its impact on disease outbreaks; an application to COVID-19
Infectious Disease Modelling, 3.02.2024
Tilføjet 3.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Mohamed Ladib, Aziz Ouhinou, Abdul-Aziz Yakubu
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186
Unravelling COVID-19 waves in Rio de Janeiro city: Qualitative insights from nonlinear dynamic analysis
Infectious Disease Modelling, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Adriane S. Reis, Laurita dos Santos, Américo Cunha Jr, Thaís C.R.O. Konstantyner, Elbert E.N. Macau
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187
Inferring community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom using the ONS COVID-19 Infection Survey
Infectious Disease Modelling, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Ruth McCabe, Gabriel Danelian, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths, Christl A. Donnelly
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188
Exploring a targeted approach for public health capacity restrictions during COVID-19 using a new computational model
Infectious Disease Modelling, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 12 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Ashley N. Micuda, Mark R. Anderson, Irina Babayan, Erin Bolger, Logan Cantin, Gillian Groth, Ry Pressman-Cyna, Charlotte Z. Reed, Noah J. Rowe, Mehdi Shafiee, Benjamin Tam, Marie C. Vidal, Tianai Ye, Ryan D. Martin
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189
Reconstruction of incidence reporting rate for SARS-CoV-2 delta variant of COVID-19 pandemic in the US
Infectious Disease Modelling, 10.12.2023
Tilføjet 10.12.2023
Publication date: Available online 9 December 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Alexandra Smirnova, Mona Barooniany
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190
Somatic hypermutation introduces bystander mutations that prepare SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for emerging variants
Immunity, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 29 November 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Michael Korenkov, Matthias Zehner, Hadas Cohen-Dvashi, Aliza Borenstein-Katz, Lisa Kottege, Hanna Janicki, Kanika Vanshylla, Timm Weber, Henning Gruell, Manuel Koch, Ron Diskin, Christoph Kreer, Florian Klein
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191
Forecast of peak infection and estimate of excess deaths in COVID-19 transmission and prevalence in Taiyuan City, 2022 to 2023
Infectious Disease Modelling, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jia-Lin Wang, Xin-Long Xiao, Fen-Fen Zhang, Xin Pei, Ming-Tao Li, Ju-Ping Zhang, Juan Zhang, Gui-Quan Sun
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192
The importance of increasing primary vaccinations against COVID-19 in Europe
Infectious Disease Modelling, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 17 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Eugenio Valdano
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193
Modeling vaccination strategies with limited early COVID-19 vaccine access in low- and middle-income countries: A case study of Thailand
Infectious Disease Modelling, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Suparinthon Anupong, Tanakorn Chantanasaro, Chaiwat Wilasang, Natcha C. Jitsuk, Chayanin Sararat, Kan Sornbundit, Busara Pattanasiri, Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Mohan Amarasiri, Sudarat Chadsuthi, Charin Modchang
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194
An agent-based model with antibody dynamics information in COVID-19 epidemic simulation
Infectious Disease Modelling, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Zhaobin Xu, Jian Song, Weidong Liu, Dongqing Wei
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195
Dissecting the intricacies of human antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Immunity, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 3 November 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Ruoke Wang, Yang Han, Rui Zhang, Jiayi Zhu, Xuanyu Nan, Yaping Liu, Ziqing Yang, Bini Zhou, Jinfang Yu, Zichun Lin, Jinqian Li, Peng Chen, Yangjunqi Wang, Yujie Li, Dongsheng Liu, Xuanling Shi, Xinquan Wang, Qi Zhang, Yuhe R. Yang, Taisheng Li
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196
Wastewater surveillance provides 10-days forecasting of COVID-19 hospitalizations superior to cases and test positivity: A prediction study
Infectious Disease Modelling, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Dustin T. Hill, Mohammed A. Alazawi, E. Joe Moran, Lydia J. Bennett, Ian Bradley, Mary B. Collins, Christopher J. Gobler, Hyatt Green, Tabassum Z. Insaf, Brittany Kmush, Dana Neigel, Shailla Raymond, Mian Wang, Yinyin Ye, David A. Larsen
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197
Antibodies targeting a quaternary site on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein prevent viral receptor engagement by conformational locking
Immunity, 30.09.2023
Tilføjet 30.09.2023
Publication date: Available online 29 September 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Lihong Liu, Ryan G. Casner, Yicheng Guo, Qian Wang, Sho Iketani, Jasper Fuk-Woo. Chan, Jian Yu, Bernadeta Dadonaite, Manoj S. Nair, Hiroshi Mohri, Eswar R. Reddem, Shuofeng Yuan, Vincent Kwok-Man Poon, Chris Chung-Sing Chan, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Zizhang Sheng, Yaoxing Huang, Jesse D. Bloom, Lawrence Shapiro, David D. Ho
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198
COVID-19 transmission driven by age-group mathematical model in Shijiazhuang City of China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Fengying Wei, Ruiyang Zhou, Zhen Jin, Senzhong Huang, Zhihang Peng, Jinjie Wang, Ximing Xu, Xinyan Zhang, Jun Xu, Yao Bai, Xiaoli Wang, Bulai Lu, Zhaojun Wang, Jianguo Xu
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199
Hypothesis testing of Poisson rates in COVID-19 offspring distributions
Infectious Disease Modelling, 9.08.2023
Tilføjet 9.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Rui Luo
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200
Equitable bivalent booster allocation strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in US cities with large Hispanic communities: The case of El Paso County, Texas
Infectious Disease Modelling, 20.07.2023
Tilføjet 20.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Francis Owusu Dampare, Anass Bouchnita
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